THESIS IS ALWAYS A HEADACHE! Disclaimer: MastersThesisWriting.com - professional custom thesis/dissertation writing service which provides custom written dissertations and custom thesis papers inclusive of research material, for academic assistance purposes only. The custom dissertations and theses must be used with proper reference. Start by brainstorming after you read the ideas listed above. Conduct some writing exercises to get your creative juices flowing and move your mind in the right direction. Take some time to talk to other people about the ideas you might want to research so that you can determine how much information is available. If you have multiple topics in your mind it is best to make an outline to group together your ideas for each of those topics and to locate the core problem or argument you want to focus on during this process. It might benefit you to create a short mock thesis proposal for your different topic ideas so that you can better define your problem essays technology, outline any possible solutions dissertation written, and identify the evaluation criteria you would use. You don't have to waste your time writing а thesis! Acc-Nikmehr, Nataliya ( The University of Edinburgh. 2016-06-29 ) Most firms are still failing to think strategically and systematically about managing supply disruption risk and most of the supply chain management efforts are focused on reducing supply chain operation costs rather. Lin, Fenfang ( The University of Edinburgh. 2014-11-25 ) The current extremely volatile business world requires firms to deal with a wide range of risks that pose threats to their organisations. The poor practices of risk management, based on Traditional Risk Management (TRM). Completing a thesis is a requirement for every graduate student at MIT. The SCM program turns this academic requirement into an opportunity for students to conceive and execute independent research on a topic of their choice. Graduates often reflect that this is one of the most challenging and rewarding components of the supply chain degree program. Several thesis projects are selected each year for the SCM Research Journal. Reading through the previous journals below gives an overview of the variety of topics and companies involved in SCM research. 2012 SCM Research Journal 2008 SCM Research Journal 2009 SCM Research Journal
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You’ve spent quite a bit of time in your English classes writing argumentative essays. and you’ve even gotten pretty good at writing on the topics your instructor assigns. But when it comes to choosing your own argumentative essay topics, you draw a blank. I need to write an argumentative research paper about 3000 words. Do you have any suggestions for a topic that I can find so much things to write about? I’m not quite sure what you are asking for. Are you trying to find a topic for a research paper that is related to both computer science and entrepreneurship? I hope so essay on writing, because that is the question I’m attempting to answer here. Happy to help! Thanks for reading ? The name of the essay says it all–argumentative. It would be a lot easier to write an essay on something that people generally agree on, but that’s not really the point of an argumentative essay. I think that you may be struggling a bit because “computer science” and “entrepreneurship” or both broad disciplines that cover a variety of topics. You might find this post helpful for you to narrow down your idea: https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing-blog/how-to-narrow-a-topic/ Feel free to use the topics for your own essay, or as inspiration to create your own original topic. Happy writing! Congrats on starting the rewarding project of writing your own novel. The best advice for writing a novel is just sitting down and writing it. You may be tempted to make up excuses such as not having enough time or not feeling like it’s coming out as you want it to, but if you’re serious about this help on reflective essay thesis, you’ll set those excuses aside and just write. Stuck on Your Argumentative Essay? Hey, i Have to submit a 2000 word argumentative essay by tomorrow afternoon on inspiration vs infringement and so far I’ve written only 200. Could you please tell me what all points i could include? Stuck on Your Argumentative Essay?
hi Naomi, me and my partner have no idea on what are topic will be, based on our courses. I’m studying entrepreneurship and she is studying computer science. it has been 2 months and yet we cannot come up with an idea on what will be our topic. please help us for we are desperate. we would be so thankful if you’l help us a little bit. Pay close attention to all things electronic essay on population growth, and you’ll be sure to find something debatable about what you see. It’s not that there aren’t any good topics to choose from, but you start over-thinking it, wondering if each topic is too cliche word format for essays, overdone, or just not good enough. Chances are, all you need to do is relax and find a topic you’re passionate about and, of course example english essay university, one that is debatable. Argumentative essay topics about legal matters are a popular choice. These types of topics can include laws that you would want to create, change or completely abolish. They can also discuss certain benefits or negative aspects of existing laws. Sometimes, looking at an example is helpful heroes of today essay, so here are some sample student essays that were written by students in my College English classes.
1. Instructions for how to (and how not to) pick a topic. We’ve done a great job on thinking about some interesting topics for you. We tried to come up with the topics that concern our everyday life at the same time will not sound ordinary. Check out this list of topics for argumenative writing that are grouped by different subject areas and choose something that fits you. We want you to make your final decision by saying “Here we go! This is a perfect topic for my upcoming essay!” Have fun with your writing assignment! Where does golf get its revenue? Are footballers overpaid? Is golf only meant for the rich in the society? Are we becoming technological zombies? AudioSlides are short, 5-minute presentations in which the author explains their paper in their own words. A survey may typically contain the following elements: DNA storage of information by Harvard scientists; predictions about changes in computer processing design. Heaps of great ideas here! Virginia Kearney 9 months ago from United States Andrew Spacey 3 years ago from Near Huddersfield help with writing research paper, West Yorkshire,UK
I used these topics in my 2nd semester class last year and we had great discussions as well as some terrific papers. I'm really looking forward to using them again this year. Great article and really nicely written as well. I've shared on my Facebook & Twitter. If you are interested, I'm helping at this start up called TechReviewer.co.uk - it is entirely about technology and they are looking for new writers to submit articles. You get your work professionally edited and published and all for free so if you are interested in writing about technology give it a look! Thanks.
Hi, Virginia, some of these topics are just good common sense discussion, but some go very deep and beyond even human understanding. For instance, we have been discussing in a spiritual study group whether souls will be willing to occupy cloned bodies. Highly unscientific, but it might be a good paper for a theology class. Anyway writing an abstract for dissertation, its a very interesting article and well presented. I would love to be a student today and present papers on some of these topics. DATALOAD 3 years ago from Michigan kazuki 3 years ago Virginia Kearney 17 months ago from United States Below, you will find many questions, ideas, links, research, and videos to get you started on your research essay and ideas for how to write about technology from different perspectives, including: Surgery research topic: Should bypass surgery be used to cure diabetes? | Source Are these topics suitable for Masters Level research essays? Is Digital Reading Changing Our Brains? | Source Votes for this hub. THIS IS EPIC! Thanks for compiling this list, pal -- really enjoyed going over it! Voted up :) WETHEBEST 16 months ago Interesting ideas! I teach with technology at lot, and I always want my students to think critically about uses, but don't always have these great questions to engage them with. Thank you, and voted up!
i have a problem there is so many confusion for selecting research paper toppic related to information technology field but i can't decide so plz help me out ,as im IT student MizBejabbers 13 months ago Hi Marcus. I think that some of these topics could be used for a Master's research essay, but you would have to talk with your professor about the requirements for your degree. Many of the links I've given are based on actual research articles which are published in professional journals. Since those full academic essays are hard for non-specialists to read population essay for ielts, I use the more popular explanations of those articles. However, for a Master's thesis, you could access the original articles. Are nuclear bombs still needed for modern war? | Source Hi,I would like to confirm about one essay topic of above mentioned. i.e..How important is it that schools teach using ipads,smart boards,social media and other new technologies. is it a research topic which can be picked up for a phd research proposal. Your article is imperative and quite inspiring for the people who are connected with the technology. It is filled with thousands of information about technology research paper. The subjects you have written about are just phenomenon. Looking forward some more articles based on science and technology. Hi Restituto--I have everything you would need to write a research paper here on HubPages. Look for "Problem Solution paper" and "Research Essay." Researchers at Germany'sTechnical University in Darmstadt have described a way for home Wi-Fi routers to form a backup mesh network to be used by the police, firefighters and other emergency personnel in the case of a disaster or other incident that wipes out standard cell and phone systems. The battery is sprayed on in five layers: two current collectors sandwich a cathode, a polymer separator and an anode. The result is a battery that can be sprayed on to plastics, metal and ceramics. "This means wireless companies can increase the bandwidth of voice and data services by at least a factor of two by sending and receiving at the same time, and potentially by a much higher factor through better adaptive transmission and user management in existing networks," said Amir Khandani, a Waterloo electrical and computer engineering professor, in a statement. He says the cost for hardware and antennas to support such a system wouldn't cost any more than for current one-way systems. University of Washington researchers have created a card game called Control-Alt-Hack that's designed to introduce computer science students to security topics. The breakthrough by Poeplau and colleagues was to create a virtual drive that runs inside a USB drive to snag malware. According to the project website: "Basically, the honeypot emulates a USB storage device. If your machine is infected by malware that uses such devices for propagation, the honeypot will trick it into infecting the emulated device." Practical applications for running IP over xylophones might be a stretch, but doing so can teach you a few things about the truly ubiquitous protocol. These distortion-tolerant systems would enable sensors persuasive essay examples with facts, powered by batteries or energy-harvesting, to remain in the field for long periods of time and withstand rough conditions to monitor diverse things such as tunnel stability and animal health. By tolerating distortion, the devices would expend less energy on trying to clean up communications channels. By slowing traffic, the researchers figure more malware can be detected and then headed off via an algorithm that signals at hyperspeed to set up defenses. Though researcher Sujeet Shenoi told the publication New Scientist that it might not be cheap to set up such a defense system, between the caching system and reserved data pipes needed to support the signals. San Francisco State University and other researchers are puzzling over why so many software projects wind up getting ditched, fail or get completed human resources case studies, but late and over budget. The key, they've discovered, is rethinking how software engineers are trained and managed to ensure they can work as teams. "We want to give advice to teachers and industry leaders on how to manage their teams write good book report," says Dragutin Petkovic, professor and chair of SF State's Computer Science Department. "Research overwhelmingly shows that it is 'soft skills,' how people work together, that are the most critical to success." The exercise provided some insights into the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). It emulates a technique HCI specialists use to design interfaces called umwelt, which is a practice of imagining what the world must look like to the potential users of the interface. This experiment allowed participants to get the feel for what it would be like to be a circuit. The game, funded in part by Intel Labs and the National Science Foundation, made its debut at the Black Hat security conference in Las Vegas over the summer. The tabletop game involves three to six players working for an outfit dubbed Hackers, Inc. that conducts security audits and consulting, and players are issued challenges, such as hacking a hotel mini bar payment system or wireless medical implant, or converting a robotic vacuum cleaner into a toy. The game features cards (including descriptions of well-rounded hackers who rock climb, ride motorcycles and do more than sit at their computers), dice, mission cards, "hacker cred tokens" and other pieces, and is designed for players ages 14 and up. It takes about an hour to play a game. No computer security degree needed. "If we accept the fact that distortion is inevitable in practical communication systems, why not directly design a system that is naturally tolerant to distortion?" says Jingxian Wu, assistant professor of electrical engineering. If any of this sounds similar to software-defined networking (SDN), there are in fact connections. Freedman worked on an SDN/OpenFlow project at Stanford University called Ethane that was spun out into a startup called Nicira for which VMware recently plunked down $1.26 billion. Ultra low-power wireless Publication Year: 2016, Page(s): 1 Publication Year: 2017, Page(s):108 - 119 | Abstract | PDF (16491 KB) | HTML Publication Year: 2015 school uniforms essay cons, Page(s):534 - 543 Mobile networks are vulnerable to signaling attacks and storms that are caused by traffic patterns that overload the control plane, and differ from distributed denial of service attacks in the Internet since they directly affect the control plane, and also reserve wireless bandwidth and network resources without actually using them. Such storms can result from malware and mobile botnets, as well a. View full abstract» | Abstract | PDF (3799 KB) | HTML | Abstract | PDF (5889 KB) | HTML Publication Year: 2013, Page(s):192 - 200 Cloud computing has recently emerged as a promising computing paradigm, which offers unprecedented computing power and flexibility in the distributed computing environment. Despite the trend that electronic design automation industry has prepared to embrace the cloud concept, there is still no research publication on designing VLSI floorplanning algorithms for a cloud computing platform. This pape. View full abstract» Publication Year: 2016, Page(s):35 - 46 | Abstract | PDF (8152 KB) | HTML Publication Year: 2016, Page(s):541 - 555 Publication Year: 2016, Page(s):156 - 174 Publication Year: 2014, Page(s):352 - 363 | Abstract | PDF (8588 KB) | HTML Publication Year: 2014, Page(s):239 - 250 Publication Year: 2014, Page(s):376 - 387 In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been widely adopted in military and civilian applications. For small UAVs, cooperation based on communication networks can effectively expand their working area. Although the UAV networks are quite similar to the traditional mobile ad hoc networks, the special characteristics of the UAV application scenario have not been considered in the literatu. View full abstract» Publication Year: 2016 good dissertation introduction example, Page(s):88 - 101 Smart grid, envisioned as an indispensable power infrastructure, is featured by real-time and two-way communications. How to securely retrieve and audit the communicated metering data for validation testing is, however thesis for a research paper example, still challenging for smart grid. In this paper accounting research papers pdf, we propose a novel privacy-preserving range query (PaRQ) scheme over encrypted metering data to address the privacy issues in finan. View full abstract» Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles In mobile cloud computing, a fundamental application is to outsource the mobile data to external cloud servers for scalable data storage. The outsourced data, however, need to be encrypted due to the privacy and confidentiality concerns of their owner. This results in the distinguished difficulties on the accurate search over the encrypted mobile cloud data. To tackle this issue, in this paper, we. View full abstract» | Abstract | PDF (13013 KB) | HTML Mobile social networks represent a promising cyber-physical system, which connects mobile nodes within a local physical proximity using mobile smart phones as well as wireless communication. In mobile social networks, the mobile users may, however, face the risk of leaking their personal information and location privacy. In this paper, we first model the secure friend discovery process as a genera. View full abstract» Publication Year: 2014, Page(s):314 - 323 Internet of Things (IoT) example research papers on books, also referred to as the Internet of Objects, is envisioned as a transformative approach for providing numerous services. Compact smart devices constitute an essential part of IoT. They range widely in use, size, energy capacity, and computation power. However, the integration of these smart things into the standard Internet introduces several security challenges because t. View full abstract» Publication Year: 2013, Page(s):33 - 44 View and add to file cabinet After careful and considered review, it has been determined that the above paper is in viola. View full abstract» Publication Year: 2013, Page(s):258 - 272 Publication Year: 2015, Page(s):22 - 33 Publication Year: 2013, Page(s):178 - 191 Publication Year: 2015, Page(s):246 - 257 Cyber physical systems (CPSs) can significantly improve the resiliency of the smart grid. In CPSs, real time and reliable monitoring require an accurate and stable model of the wireless sensor network (WSN)-based monitoring system. Furthermore, WSNs require strict quality of service (QoS) provisioning as the data generated by the monitored equipment is generally delay and reliability-sensitive. Qo. View full abstract» Both anonymity and end-to-end encryption are recognized as important properties in privacy-preserving communication. However, secure and anonymous communication protocol that requires both anonymity and end-to-end encryption cannot be realized through a simple combination of current anonymous communication protocols and public key infrastructure (PKI). Indeed, the current PKI contradicts anonymity. View full abstract» | Abstract | PDF (8503 KB) | HTML Publication Year: 2014, Page(s):198 - 211 | Abstract | PDF (11992 KB) | HTML | Media | Abstract | PDF (16946 KB) | HTML Publication Year: 2016, Page(s):475 - 486 | Abstract | PDF (13029 KB) Publication Year: 2013, Page(s):133 - 147 In oceans, both the natural acoustic systems (such as marine mammals) and artificial acoustic systems [like underwater acoustic networks (UANs) and sonar users] use acoustic signal for communication, echolocation, sensing, and detection. This makes the channel spectrum heavily shared by various underwater acoustic systems. Nevertheless, the precious spectrum resource is still underutilized tempora. View full abstract» Publication Year: 2016, Page(s):321 - 334 Publication Year: 2015, Page(s):74 - 83 | Abstract | PDF (13674 KB) | HTML In recent years, designated verifier signature schemes have been widely used in the construction of privacypreserving security schemes for various applications. However, under conventional techniques, the security of these schemes is only assured if the implementation of the designated verifier signature generation algorithm is running on a platform that is perfectly protected from various intrusi. View full abstract» Examination and exploration is a style that looks into the fine details of a text or piece of art examples cover letters for internship, and explores all the possible motivations, inspirations, and reasons the creator of the text or piece of art might have had during the creative process. Now that you have acquainted yourself with the basic critical essay writing tips and rules, you can check out our critical essay samples to link theory with practice. Wellington J. Bathmaker A. Hunt C. McCulloch G. and Sikes P. (2005). Succeeding with your doctorate. London: Sage. A useful habit to get into is to make sure that sample business research reports, if you describe some evidence relevant to your argument essay technologies, you need then to explain to the reader why it is relevant. The logic of your explanation contributes to the critical component of your writing. It is always worth taking a critical look at your own writing before submitting it for assessment. The kinds of questions that might be useful to ask at that stage are: A certain amount of descriptive writing is essential audison thesis th quattro, particularly in the earlier parts of the essay or assignment or dissertation. Beyond that, however, there is a danger that too much descriptive writing will use up valuable words from your word limit, and reduce the space you have for the critical writing that will get you higher marks. You can also use paragraphs to push yourself to include critical writing alongside descriptive writing or referencing, by considering each paragraph almost as an essay in miniature. Within each paragraph you would: So far this Study Guide has considered the detail of what you write. The other key element in critical writing is the overall structure of your piece of writing. For maximum effectiveness dissertation help service binding, your writing needs to have a line, or lines of argument running through it from the Introduction to the Conclusion. There are several ways in which you can use the paragraph to enhance your critical writing. The text below is an example of good critical writing, and is based on essay material supplied by University of Leicester’s School of Psychology. Descriptive writing is relatively simple. There is also the trap that it can be easy to use many, many words from your word limit purchase a dissertation report, simply providing description. Just as you have used paragraphs on a micro scale to present your critical writing, so you need to consider the ordering of those paragraphs within the overall structure. The aim is to lead your readers carefully through the thread of your argument, to a well-supported conclusion. Always introduce the work. Do not assume that because your reader knows what you are writing about, you do not need to mention the work's title. Avoid introducing your ideas by stating "I think" or "in my opinion." Keep the focus on the subject of your analysis, not on yourself. Identifying your opinions weakens them. Other questions to consider: Is there a controversy surrounding either the passage or the subject which it concerns? Write the essay! Edit and revise your essay The Introductory Paragraph Examine your whole essay for logic Closing or Summary Paragraph General Topic Sentence: memorable present The concluding paragraph must summarize the essay. This is often the most difficult paragraph to write. In your conclusion, you should restate the thesis and connect it with the body of the essay in a sentence that explains how each point supports the thesis. Your final sentence should uphold your main idea in a clear and compelling manner. Be sure you do not present any new information in the conclusion. If you have time to review your essay before your time is up online essay editing site, by all means do so! Make any revisions that you think will enhance your “rough draft” and be sure to check for any grammatical errors or misspellings. When you begin to write your essay for a standardized test, you must first decide what type of essay you are being asked to write. There are many different types of essays compare and contrast essay academic writing, including narrative example thesis statement for analysis paper, expository full thesis on education, argumentative, persuasive, comparative, literary examples of business law research papers, and so on. The type of essay will determine your topic and thesis. Essays for standardized tests are typically either persuasive, in which you will answer a question, or literary, in which you will write about something you read. For general tips on test preparation and details about each state’s standardized tests, please visit our standardized test overview page . Between each paragraph and the one that follows, you need a transition. It can be built in to the topic sentence of the next paragraph, or it can be the concluding sentence of the first. It can even be a little of both. To express the relationship between the two paragraphs, think about words and phrases that compare and contrast. You'll also want some kind of transition from the last paragraph to your conclusion. One way is to sum up your third body paragraph with some reminders of your other paragraphs. You don't need to restate the topics fully (that comes in the conclusion) but you can refer to a detail, or example, or character as a way of pulling your ideas together and signaling that you are getting ready to conclude. We'll look at each type of paragraph, and at transitions, the glue that holds them together. The introductory paragraph includes a paraphrase of something said by a famous person in order to get the reader's attention. The second sentence leads up to the thesis statement which is the third sentence. The thesis statement (sentence 3) presents topic of the paper to the reader and provides a mini- outline. The topic is Poe's use of visual imagery. The mini- outline tells the reader that this paper will present Poe's use of imagery in three places in his writing: (1) description of static setting; (2) description of dynamic setting; and (3) description of a person. The last sentence of the paragraph uses the words "manipulation" and "senses" as transitional hooks. In the first sentence of the second paragraph (first paragraph of the body) the words "sense" and "manipulation" are used to hook into the end of the introductory paragraph. The first part of the second sentence provides the topic for this paragraph--imagery in a static scene. Then a quotation from "The Tell-Tale Heart" is presented and briefly discussed. The last sentence of this paragraph uses the expressions "sense of feeling" and "sense of sight" as hooks for leading into the third paragraph. 1 "Thick darkness," "thread of the spider," and "vulture eye" are three images that Poe used in "The Tell-Tale Heart" to stimulate a reader's senses. 2 Poe wanted the reader to see and feel real life. 3 He used concrete imagery rather than vague abstract words to describe settings and people. 4 If Edgar Allan Poe was one of Stephen King's teachers good introduction examples for research papers, then readers of King owe a debt of gratitude to that nineteenth-century creator of horror stories. In the first sentence of the fourth paragraph (third paragraph in the body). "one blind eye" is used that hooks into the previous paragraph. This first sentence also lets the reader know that this paragraph will deal with descriptions of people: ". what the old man looks like. " Once again Poe is quoted and discussed. The last sentence uses the word "image" which hooks into the last paragraph. (It is less important that this paragraph has a hook since the last paragraph is going to include a summary of the body of the paper.) 1 The reader does not know much about what the old man in this story looks like except that he has one blind eye. 2 In the second paragraph of "The Tell-Tale Heart best website for free research papers," Poe establishes the young man's obsession with that blind eye when he writes: "He had the eye of the vulture--a pale blue eye examples of easy essay writing, with a film over it." 3 This "vulture eye" is evoked over and over again in the story until the reader becomes as obsessed with it as does the young man. 4 His use of the vivid, concrete word "vulture" establishes a specific image in the mind of the reader that is inescapable. Abnormalities in body temperature, pulse, blood pressure, respiration rate, and sweating. Maintaining postures for long periods. Includes facial postures a cover letter for phd position, such as grimacing or Schnauzkrampf (lips in an exaggerated pucker). Body postures, such as psychological pillow (patient lying in bed with his or her head elevated as if on a pillow), lying in a jackknifed position, sitting with upper and lower portions of the body twisted at right angles, holding arms above the head or raised in prayer-like manner, and holding fingers and hands in odd positions; prolonged mundane positions are common examples. Odd, purposeful movements, such as holding hands as if they were handguns, saluting passersby, or exaggerations or stilted caricatures of mundane movements; odd speech cadences and feigned accents are other examples. Includes echolalia, in which the patient repeats the examiner’s utterances, and echopraxia, in which the patient spontaneously copies the examiner’s movements or is unable to refrain from copying the examiner’s test movements, despite instruction to the contrary. Abnormalities in body temperature, pulse, blood pressure, respiration rate, and sweating. Catatonia is a syndrome characterized by the coexistence of psychiatric and motor symptoms.1 It is associated with a wide range of psychiatric, medical, neurological, and drug-induced disorders.2 The concept of catatonia was first described by the German psychiatrist Kahlbaum in 1874.3 It is more frequently found among patients diagnosed with mania, depression, and neurotoxic syndromes than among those with schizophrenia. Yet, it is mainly classified as a form of schizophrenia.4 The exact cause of catatonia has not been elucidated. Does such a diagnosis explain the progression, over months, of the “catatonic-like” state? How should we interpret the absence of distress? Resistance to the examiner’s manipulations, whether light or vigorous, with strength equal to that applied, as if bound to the stimulus of the examiner’s actions. Altered arousal during which the patient fails to respond directly to queries (similar in presentation to the effects of dissociative anesthesia); when severe, the patient is mute and immobile and does not withdraw from painful stimuli. The patient’s initial resistance to an induced movement before gradually allowing himself or herself to be postured, similar to bending a candle. Odd, purposeful movements, such as holding hands as if they were handguns, saluting passersby, or exaggerations or stilted caricatures of mundane movements; odd speech cadences and feigned accents are other examples. Motoric cooperation (Mitmachen) Submissions should be sent to the email address as listed in the author information. Any outcome will subsequently be published in this journal. 12. Farrar JT, Young JP importance being earnest essays, La Moreaux L, Werth JL, Poole M. Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale. Pain. 2001; 94 :149–58. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3959(01)00349-9. [PubMed ] 3. Wong WP, Galley P, Sheehan M. Changes in medical referrals to an outpatient physical therapy department. Aust J Physiother. 1994; 40 :9–14. [PubMed ] 41. Ross MD, Cheeks JM. Undetected hangman's fracture in a patient referred for physical therapy for the treatment of neck pain following trauma. Phys Ther. 2008; 88 :98–104. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20070033. [PubMed ] 8. Friedrich M, Hahne J, Wapner F. A controlled examination of medical and psychosocial factors associated with low back pain in combination with widespread musculoskeletal pain. Phys Ther. 2009; 89 :786–803. [PubMed ] 38. Weyerer S. Detection of psychiatric diseases in general practice: results from Germany. Gesundheitswesen. 1996; 58 (Suppl 1):68–71. [PubMed ] 11. Few CD, Davenport TE, Watts HG. A hypothesis-oriented algorithm for symptom-based diagnosis by physical therapists: description and case series. Orthop Pract. 2007; 19 :72–9. Over the next 22 months, the patient returned to the same sport medicine clinic 10 times, reporting pain in his wrist, shoulder, elbow, knee, ankle, and neck. He stated that the elbow, wrist, and shoulder injuries were due to falls while skateboarding and snowboarding or to overuse during weight training; some injuries had no apparent cause. Over the course of his medical care, the patient followed up with three different physicians at the same clinic. He was diagnosed by these physicians, in order of occurrence, with (1) right wrist contusion and sprain; (2) right wrist impingement and left wrist strain; (3) right shoulder supraspinatus tendinopathy; (4) right peroneal overuse injury and strain; (5) disuse adhesions of the right peroneals and right hip adhesions; (6) right ankle neuropathic pain secondary to nerve injury and sprain and right-knee patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS); (7) neuropathic pain of the right peroneal nerve; (8) trauma-induced left-knee PFPS; (9) ongoing post-traumatic left-knee PFPS; and (10) right levator scapula strain constitutional law essay, chronic right infraspinatus strain, right elbow ulnar ridge contusion, and right wrist chronic distal ulnar impingement secondary to malaligned triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC). Address correspondence to Nirtal Shah. David L. MacIntosh Sport Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord St. Toronto, ON M5S 2W6 Canada; Tel: 416-978-4678; Fax: 416-971-2846; E-mail: moc.liamtoh@slatrin . The patient's past medical and family history were unremarkable. He did not use any prescription or over-the-counter medications, but he felt his thoughts about electrical implants were decreased by the use of marijuana writing an essay in english examples, which he used socially. He was a non-smoker and a social consumer of alcohol. He had a normal gait and appeared comfortable in an unsupported seated position. He denied any weight changes, bowel or bladder problems, night pain, or difficulty breathing. Shah N, Nakamura Y. Case report: schizophrenia discovered during the patient interview in a man with shoulder pain referred for physical therapy. Physiother Can. 2010;62:308–315 23. Inskip HM, Harris EC, Barraclough B. Lifetime risk of suicide for affective disorder, alcoholism and schizophrenia. Brit J Psychiatr. 1998; 172 :35–7. doi: 10.1192/bjp.172.1.35. [PubMed ] After his tenth visit to a physician, the patient was referred for physical therapy for chronic right levator scapula strain and right supraspinatus strain. During the interview, the patient stated that he had right shoulder pain because of a snowboarding injury sustained 1 year earlier and because of a fall onto the lateral right shoulder 2 years ago. Aggravating activities to the shoulder included pull-ups, rowing, and free weights. No position or movement alleviated his pain, and the pain did not fluctuate over the course of the day. His sleep was disturbed only when lying on the right shoulder. The patient was in generally good health, but he said that his right wrist and left knee occasionally felt cold for no apparent reason. He denied experiencing any loss of sensation, decreased blood flow, or numbness or tingling in the knee and wrist. The patient said he believed that his knee and wrist became cold as a result of electromagnetic impulses sent to the joint via an electrical implant in his body and that this device was the cause of his ongoing shoulder pain. Measures and outcome: The physical therapist's initial assessment identified a disorder requiring medical referral. Further management of the patient's musculoskeletal dysfunction was not appropriate at this time. 5. Murphy BP, Greathouse D, Matsui I. Primary care physical therapy practice models. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther. 2005; 35 :699–707. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2005.2167. [PubMed ] Nirtal Shah, PT, MSc, DPT, MTC, FAAOMPT, FCAMT, CAFCI: Physical therapist, David L. MacIntosh Sport Medicine Clinic, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario. The medical literature indicates that 50% of all mental illness is recognized during the interview process as part of medical assessment by the primary-care physician. 38 As physical therapists embrace their role as providers of primary care, 4 ,5 they must rely on their skills in patient interviewing and physical examination to rule out medical pathology. Improved assessment skills by the physical therapist may help to identify primary or secondary medical pathologies that have not previously been diagnosed. Within the peer-reviewed literature, a number of case studies demonstrate identification of non-musculoskeletal or visceral pathology that can manifest as musculoskeletal disorders; 39 –41 these case studies are examples of how physical therapists can perform an initial assessment, identify a medical pathology that precludes treatment, and make an appropriate referral. During a patient interview, physical therapists must be well aware of the psychological and psychosocial aspects of the examination to identify relevant aspects of the patient's demeanour (e.g. appropriate self-care) and emotional state (e.g. inappropriate affect). The patient interview should consist of non-leading, open-ended questions about how pain in multiple areas is related and how it is caused. Furthermore, physical therapists should avoid rationalizing the patient's symptoms during the interview process. At a minimum, patients should be permitted to speak about and describe their symptoms in a way that is meaningful to them. 7. Haggman S, Maher CG, Rafshauge KM. Screening for symptoms of depression by physical therapists managing low back pain. Phys Ther. 2004; 84 :1157–66. [PubMed ] 44. Cougnard A, Kalmi E, Desage A, Misdrahi D, Abalan F, Brun-Rousseau H, et al. Pathways to care of first-admitted subjects with psychosis in south-western France. Psychol Med. 2004; 34 :267–76. doi: 10.1017/S003329170300120X. [PubMed ] 40. Alnwick GM. Misdiagnosis of serotonin syndrome as fibromyalgia and the role of physical therapy. Phys Ther. 2008; 88 :757–65. [PubMed ] As primary-care practitioners, physical therapists may encounter patients with possible psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. However, the physical therapy literature on psychiatric disorders as they relate to musculoskeletal disorders focuses mainly on low back pain (LBP). 7 ,8 In an examination of a large number of physical and psychological factors, one prospective case-control study points to the importance of psychological variables as a risk factor for chronic LBP and widespread musculoskeletal pain. 8 Previous research has also concurred with this study in implicating psychological variables as risk factors for LBP and neck pain. 9 pollution essays,10 These articles provide a link between psychological disorders and patients seeking physical therapy for musculoskeletal dysfunctions. This case report describes a 19-year-old man referred to physical therapy with shoulder, wrist, and knee pain who was later diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. After completing a thorough patient interview and physical examination, I concluded that the patient was suffering from an undiagnosed psychiatric disorder that required medical referral. The interview revealed that the patient had delusions about electrical devices' being implanted in his body and was experiencing various forms of hallucination. The patient was promptly referred for medical consult and was diagnosed with schizophrenia by a psychiatrist. The signs and symptoms of schizophrenia are classified as either positive or negative. 22 Positive symptoms are an excess of normal function and include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech; 22 ,27 negative symptoms are a deficiency of normal function and include limited goal-directed behaviour (avolition), limited fluency and productivity of speech and thought essay finance, and a flat affect. 22 ,27 The diagnosis of schizophrenia requires the presence of at least two of these positive or negative symptoms lasting at least 6 months. 22 reading in our life essay,27 In this case, the patient presented with delusions (e.g. electrical implants trying to control his and others' actions), including persecutory delusions (e.g. “they are emotionally abusing me”), hallucinations (e.g. hearing voices, seeing signs), and a flat affect. Since the patient was enrolled in university at the time of diagnosis, his cognitive function is assumed to be well preserved. The patient reported no change in symptoms for 2 years. Mesures et résultats : L'évaluation préliminaire du physiothérapeute a permis d'identifier un problème qui nécessitait que le patient soit redirigé vers un médecin. Une gestion plus poussée de la dysfonction musculosquelettique de ce patient a été jugée inappropriée à cette étape. The authors have no commercial or financial association that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with this manuscript. Copyright © Canadian Physiotherapy Association, 2010. All rights reserved. 19. Hoppenfeld S. Physical examination of the spine and extremities. New York: Prentice-Hall; 1976. Key Words: patient interview, physical therapy assessment, psychiatric disorder, referral source, schizophrenia 35. Lawrie SM, Abukmeil SS. Brain abnormalities in schizophrenia: a systematic and quantitative review of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging studies. Brit J Psychiatr. 1998; 72 :110–20. doi: 10.1192/bjp.172.2.110. [PubMed ] 45. Addington J, Van Mastrigt S, Hutchinson J, Addington D. Pathways to care: help seeking behaviour in first episode psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2002; 106 :358–64. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0447.2002.02004.x. [PubMed ] Intervention : Le patient a été dirigé vers une investigation médicale plus approfondie, puisqu'il manifestait des signes de possibles problèmes psychiatriques. Le patient a par la suite été diagnostiqué comme schizophrène et on lui a prescrit du Risperdal. The medical literature has identified gaps in the knowledge of primary-care physicians, specifically a lack of awareness of the symptoms and epidemiology of schizophrenia. 28 To facilitate early recognition, referral, and diagnosis of schizophrenia, the medical literature has suggested increased collaboration among family physicians and mental-health professionals, as well as ongoing mental-health training for family physicians. 47 ,48 Physical therapists should also heed these suggestions. A study in the physical therapy literature recommends mental-health training for recognizing the symptoms of depression in a population with LBP; 7 the same study, conducted in Australia, concluded that physical therapists' ability to recognize depressive symptoms in an outpatient setting was poor. 7 2. Ehrmann-Feldman D to write a dissertation, Rossignol M, Abenhaim L, Gobeille D. Physician referral to physical therapy in a cohort of workers compensated for low back pain. Phys Ther. 1996; 76 :150–7. [PubMed ] The aetiology of schizophrenia remains unknown. 29 ,30 There is a strong genetic predisposition. 29 ielts essay writing task 2,30 Patients who experience the onset of schizophrenia before age 22 are 10 times more likely to have a history of a complicated caesarean birth than patients with a later onset of schizophrenia, which suggests a possible neurodevelopmental factor in early-onset schizophrenia. 31 Mild childhood head injuries may play a role in the expression of schizophrenia in families with a strong genetic predisposition to this disorder. 32 Psychological stress has also been implicated in the onset of schizophrenia, since it often precipitates the first psychotic episode or increases the likelihood of a relapse. 33 ,34 In this case, the patient described a family “break-up” which may have precipitated the onset of psychosis. Details about his childhood head injuries and the circumstances of his birth were not obtained. After being diagnosed with schizophrenia, the patient revealed to the referring physician that his father had experienced something similar when he was younger, which may point to a genetic predisposition. 25. Varma VK, Wig NN, Phookun HR, Misra AK, Khare CB, Tripathi BM, et al. First-onset schizophrenia in the community: relationship of urbanization with onset, early manifestations and typology. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2007; 96 :431–8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09944.x. [PubMed ] At home, Jessica’s husband has noticed changes as well. She’s shown little interest in sex and has had difficulties falling asleep at night. Her insomnia has been keeping him awake as she tosses and turns for an hour or two after they go to bed. He’s overheard her having frequent tearful phone conversations with her closest friend, which have him worried. When he tries to get her to open up about what’s bothering her, she pushes him away with an abrupt “everything’s fine”. Josh is a 27 year-old male who recently moved back in with his parents after his fiancée was killed by a drunk driver 3 months ago. His fiancée, a beautiful young woman he’d been dating for the past 4 years, was walking across a busy intersection to meet him for lunch one day. He still vividly remembers the horrific scene as the drunk driver ran the red light, plowing down his fiancée right before his eyes. He raced to her side, embracing her crumpled, bloody body as she died in his arms in the middle of the crosswalk. No matter how hard he tries to forget, he frequently finds himself reliving the entire incident as if it was happening all over. For the past few weeks Jessica has felt unusually fatigued and found it increasingly difficult to concentrate at work. Her coworkers have noticed that she is often irritable and withdrawn, which is quite different from her typically upbeat and friendly disposition. She has called in sick on several occasions, which is completely unlike her. On those days she stays in bed all day, watching TV or sleeping. Schizophrenia includes three different subtype, and two over subtypes. The main subtypes include the classifications of paranoid tips for writing academic essays, disorganized, and catatonic, and each of these subtypes displays unique characteristics or symptoms (Hansell, & Damour, 2008). Patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia will usually display symptoms of hallucinations or delusions. Patients suffering from disorganized schizophrenia are subject to an inappropriate effect, and disorganized speech patterns. Patients suffering from catatonic schizophrenia display symptoms of strange or bizarre sensory motor function (Hansell, & Damour, 2008). Individuals who display symptoms of schizophrenia but lack any symptoms of the three primary classifications are likely to be diagnosed into one of two alternate classifications: residual or undifferentiated schizophrenia (Hansell, & Damour, 2008). Symptoms of schizophrenia are classified into two primary categories. These two categories relate to positive and negative symptoms. Patients displaying positive symptoms exhibit pathological excesses including hallucinations, irrational thinking, and irrational behaviors, whereas patients displaying negative symptoms will exhibit pathological deficits including withdrawal and isolation from social interactions, and poverty of speech capabilities ((Hansell, & Damour, 2008). The primary component of the patient’s episodes appear to be related to stress as the primary factor. However, biological factors resulting from her mother’s illness and smoking during pregnancy introduction paragraph for personal essay, and a genetic predisposition related to her grandfather's eccentricity are viable underlying factors resulting in the patient’s illness. In addition to the primary stressor, and the underlying genetic and biological factors, it is possible that the emotions of the patient also contributed to her condition. Further documentation indicates that interfamilial expressed emotion, and communication deviance are probably contributors that appear to be operative in the patient’s case (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). The first of these factors, expressed emotion would be explained by the turbulent relationship, combined with her mother’s over protective nature conflicting with her father’s over critical reactions to the patient’s behavioral issues (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). The second of these factors, communication deviance resulted from the patient’s inability to focus and maintain normal dialog with others (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). Because illnesses like schizophrenia relate to various and different factors, each person effected by the illness will show differences in ability to function in a normal environment. The various classifications of schizophrenia, ability to receive treatments, and the consideration of various influences and base-line factors help researchers determine what classification a patient falls into. In this particular case, the patient displays symptoms of catatonic schizophrenia. She is able to function in environments that do not produce high levels of demand or stress on the individual. However, the underlying assumptions would indicate that the combination of outlined biological, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral were in-place, and waiting for the appropriate stressor to trigger her symptoms. As the patient matured, she displayed signs of being socially awkward and isolated from her peers, and in early adulthood started to display worsening symptoms like talking to herself, and displaying unusual behavior like stating at the floor for long periods. Her first documented schizophrenia episode requiring hospitalization occurred shortly after the additional symptoms started to be displayed. During her examination, the patient displayed signs of unresponsiveness, and waxy flexibility that allowed her limbs to be easily positioned (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). After the initial hospitalization, the patient was returned home to facilitate a quicker recovery. that was short lived because the patient failed to follow the prescribed treatment regimen which, resulted in a secondary episode shortly after her return to college. Further home-based treatments proved unsuccessful as the patient slowly declined, resulting in unresponsiveness, and displaying hebephrenic symptoms like unprovoked giggling, and rocking movements (Meyer, Chapman, & Weaver, 2009). Essay Punch takes users through the process of writing an essay. From pre-set writing prompts users learn to develop an idea and write their descriptive, informative and persuasive essays. As students advance do my essays, to improve essay writing skills they need in-depth support. They need to organize their thoughts and learn to clearly communicate their ideas in writing. GED Essay Program help The Death Penalty: Pro By killing felons, the death penalty removes the burden of housing them within the penitentiary system. Prison overcrowding and overstretched resources are key issues in prisons in many countries. Due to the severity of prisoners’ crimes on death row, it costs much more to feed, house, and seclude these often dangerous inmates than if they were simply put to death. And if they were paroled, there is always the chance they could re-offend, which is completely eliminated with the death penalty. The concept of retribution, that the perpetrator is punished in a manner fitting to the crime, is also used to support the death penalty. Misconduct in institutional systems can also lead to incorrect sentencing. While this is bad enough for non-death sentencing, these constitute a heinous breach of justice if the death penalty is involved. A psychological argument that may become prominent in the future is the concept of self-control and free will. Do we have free will or not? If not, this could bring into question not just the death penalty but all forms of sentencing whether it is capital punishment or not. New neurological research can now predict the likelihood of someone becoming violent and may help with future awareness on these issues. executions were public and brutal. Some criminals were even crushed to death slowly under heavy weight. Crime was more common at that time than it is now. Evidence shows execution does not act as a deterrent to capital punishment. Fear of Death Does not Reduce Crime. Death Penalty Saves Lives empirical evidence supporting or refuting this view. Threat of Death Penalty Rate of Homicide Decreases Conviction of the Innocent Occurs Hugo Bedau (1982) claims: I heard on the news last month, February 2000, where a 62 year-old grandmother, Betty Beets, was pleading for her life because she was on death row and was going to be executed. At first, I felt very sorry for her, but after doing research on her, I learned she had five husbands. She had already killed the fourth one, and served a prison sentence for murder, and she got out of prison early. She murdered the fifth husband-she shot him, and buried him in her back yard. Betty Beets was imprisoned a second time, and now was pleading for her life? It has been proven these killers do it again and again. The rate of recidivism is high for people who commit murder and crimes. I feel murderers should be executed the first time because chances are they will come out of prison and kill another innocent person again. We need stricter laws and swift death penalty. the cold calculus that precedes the decision to act such as those who act in passion, for whom the threat of Deterrent in 27 States It is noted that we need extreme penalty as a deterrent to crime. This could be a strong argument if it could be proved that the death penalty discourages murderers and kidnappers. There is strong evidence that the death penalty does not discourage crime at all (McClellan, G. 1961). In arguments of the death penalty, there are two lives to think about. Too much emphasis is placed on the convicted murderer, the one being executed, and the victim is all forgotten. medicine, manufacturing, automobile, and air traffic, sports, Some criminologist claim they have statistically proven that when an execution is publicized, more murders occur in the day and weeks that follow. A good example is in the Linberg kidnapping. A number of states adopted the death penalty for crime like this, but figures showed kidnapping increased. Publicity may encourage crime instead of preventing it (McClellan, G. 1961). When the word death penalty is used, it makes yelling and screaming from both sides of extremist. One side may say deterrence, while the other side may say, but you may execute an innocent man. An Eye for an Eye The purpose of this paper is to look at both sides of the arguments of the death penalty-the pros and cons, and how our criminal justice system makes legislatures, courts, and the U.S. Supreme Court chose to resolve issues. Interesting issues are brought up like the fear of the death penalty samples of essay for university admission, bible quotes, how life is sacred, and the execution of the innocent. You will note too much emphasis is placed on the convicted murderer and not on the victim. The murderers get out of prison early and murder again. There are evidence to both sides of the argument in whether the death penalty is a deterrent or not. In question of the death penalty, I ask you to weigh both sides of the argument carefully and make your decision based on the action that will serve the best humanitarian purpose of criminal law. My research on issues on the death penalty is one of the most debatable in the criminal justice system. Today, there are many pros and cons to this death penalty issues. However, if people weigh the arguments properly, and have empathy for the victims, they will be more inclined to favor capital punishment. As a matter of fact good essay writing companies, most people in the U.S. today are in favor of it. But we need more states to enforce the death penalty. Opponents say the State is like a murder himself. The argument here is, if execution is murder, than killing someone in war is murder. Our country should stop fighting wars. On the contrary, is it necessary to protect the rights of a group of people. Hence, the death penalty is vital to protect a person’s right to live! Is arresting someone same as kidnapping someone? In the same, executing someone is not murder, it is punishment by society for a deserving criminal. Thirteen states do not have the death penalty: Alaska the best topics for essays, District of Colombia, Hawaii, Iowa, Main, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. ACLU and Murderers Penniless When the assailant is apprehended and charged, he has the power of the judicial process who protects his constitutional rights. What about the victim? The assailant may have compassion from investigating officers, families and friends. Furthermore, the criminal may have organized campaigns of propaganda to build sympathy for him as if he is the one who has been sinned against. These false claims are publicized, for no reason, hence, protecting the criminal (Isenberg, I. 1977). All religions believe having life is sacred. If we deprive someone else life, he only suffers minor inconvenience; hence, we cheapen human life—this is where we are at today. In 1958 the10 states that had the fewest murders –fewer punishment, and yet, the victims never have a chance to do that? Are crime victims in the United States today the forgotten people of our time? Do they receive full measure of justice (as cited in Isenberg, 1977, p. 129)? Studies were made by Professor Isaac Erlich between the period of 1933 and 1969. He concluded “An additional execution per year may have resulted in fewer murders (Bedau, 1982, p. 323)”. these 10 states had abolished the death penalty. Death Penalty Fails to Rehabilitate In my opinion, I am in favor of the death penalty, because we can save innocent lives. Life to me is scared as Professor Haag stated. My innocent nephew, Sean Burgado, who was brutally murdered by a shot gun to the chest, did not have a choice to make a last statement or make a will before he died. The people on death row can watch T.V. and enjoy their lives for another 20 years before they are executed. They can prepare their death by making a will and a last statement. Sean’s murder is still unsolved, and the killer is enjoying his life somewhere. The murderer(s) will probably murder another person some day. Huggo A. Bedau (1982) states one popular objection to Capital punishment is that it gratifies the desire for revenge regarding as unworthy. The bible quotes the Lord declaring “Vengeance is mine” (Romans 12:19). He thus legitimized vengeance and reserved it to Himself. However, the Bible also enjoins proposal argument essay topics, “The murderer shall surely be put In a foot note Bedau (1982) cites, “Actually being dead is no different from not being born, a (non) experience we all had before being born. But death is not realized. The process of dying which is a different matter is usually confused with it. In turn, dying is feared because death is expected, even though death is feared because it is confused with dying (p. 338)”. Iowa, Minnesota, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Wisconsin, Grant McClellan (1961) claims: Death is one penalty which makes error irreversible and the chance of error is inescapable when based on human judgment. On the contrary, sometimes defendants insist on execution. They feel it is an act of kindness to them. The argument here is - Is life imprisonment a crueler fate?” Is there evidence supporting the usefulness of the death penalty securing the life of the citizens (McClellan, G. 1961)? Frank Carrington (1978) states- is there any way one can tell whether the death penalty deters murders from killing? There is no way one can tell whether the death penalty deters murderers from killing. The argument goes on that proponents of capital punishments should not have to bear the burden of proving deterrence by a reasonable doubt. Nor should the abolitionist have to prove deterrence by a reasonable doubt -neither side would be able to anyway. FOR THE DEATH PENALTY (PROS) The fear of the death penalty has never reduced crime. Through most of history Death is an experience that cannot be experienced and ends all experience. Because it is unknown as it is certain, death is universally feared. “The life of a man should be sacred to each other (Bedau, H. 1982, p. 330)”. Rhode Island, Utah, North Dakota and Washington. Four of The death penalty also carries out retribution justly. “Deserved punishment protects society morally by restoring this just order, making the wrongdoer pay a price equivalent to the harm he has done.” (Budziszewski). When someone commits a crime it disturbs the order of society; these crimes take away lives, peace, and liberties from society. Giving the death penalty as a punishment simply restores order to society and adequately punishes the criminal for his wrongdoing. Retribution also serves justice for murder victims and their families. Some may see this as revenge, but this retribution is not motivated by malice, rather it is motivated by the need for justice and the principle of lex talionis (“an eye for an eye”) (Green). This lack of malice is proven in the simple definition of retribution: “retribution is a state sponsored, rational response to criminality that is justified given that the state is the victim when a crime occurs” (“Justifications for Capital Punishment). The death penalty puts the scales of justice back in balance after they were unfairly tipped towards the criminal. The eighth amendment to the United States Constitution prevents cruel and unusual punishment. Many opponents of capital punishment say that execution is cruel and unusual punishment and therefore violates the Constitution. As was stated earlier swimming essays, the recipient of the death penalty is treated humanely and is not tortured in any way, shape, or form. After the anesthetic is administered the person feels no pain; the only part of the process that could be considered painful is when the IV is inserted, but that is done in hospitals on a daily basis and no one is calling it unconstitutional. The Supreme Court has repeatedly upheld the death penalty as constitutional in cases they have presided over. In the case of Furman v. Georgia the court stated, “The punishment of death is not cruel, within the meaning of that word as used in the Constitution. It implies there is something more inhuman and barbarous, than the mere extinguishment of life” (Lowe). The Supreme Court has not found capital punishment to be unconstitutional, and therefore this argument for abolition is invalid. “Justifications for Capital Punishment.” Justiceblind.com. Web. 30 March 2013. <http://www.justiceblind.com/death/dpsupport.html> ProCon.org. ProCon.org. Web. 28 March 2013. <procon.org> “Punishments are imposed on persons, not on…economic groups. Guilt is personal. The only relevant question is: does the person to be executed deserve the punishment? Whether or not others deserved the same punishment, whatever the economic or racial group, have avoided execution is irrelevant.” (ProCon.org) The death penalty is an issue that has the United States quite divided. While there are many supporters of it, there is also a large amount of opposition. Currently, there are thirty-three states in which the death penalty is legal and seventeen states that have abolished it (Death Penalty Information Center). I believe the death penalty should be legal throughout the nation. There are many reasons as to why I believe the death penalty should be legalized in all states, including deterrence, retribution, and morality; and because opposing arguments do not hold up, I will refute the ideas that the death penalty is unconstitutional, irrevocable mistakes are made, and that there is a disproportionality of race and income level. Another argument put forth by death penalty abolitionists is the possibility of executing an innocent person. Many people that argue this overestimate how often this happens, it is an extremely rare occurrence and has not happened since the death penalty was reintroduced in 1976. Steven D. Stewart, the Prosecuting Attorney for Clark County Indiana, very effectively refutes this argument: Stewart points out that death penalty cases are held to a much higher standard. Due process in these cases takes much longer so that the court can be absolutely sure that the person is guilty before sentencing him to execution. This helps to eliminate any errors that could lead to executing the wrong person. He also points out that although there is a small possibility for mistakes to be made, this does not mean capital punishment should be abolished. If everything that had the potential for harmful mistakes were outlawed, society would be extremely crippled. Both sides of the argument will be addressed here, so that conclusions can be drawn from the information presented that will hopefully shed some light on the debate and determine which side is correct. There is, however, seemingly much more information available that is against the death penalty than for it. It is also possible that a determination will not be able to be made due to the fact that there are so many issues and beliefs that surround each side, and statistics can be made to show many things, depending on who is utilizing them and how the numbers are manipulated. It is for this reason that statistics will not play a large role in the scope of this paper, as numbers often vary. It is believed that the criminal element that is aware of the death penalty will spend more time considering whether the act they are thinking of committing is worth the price that they might ultimately have to pay (Delfino & Day, 2008). The opinion is that many criminals will feel that risking their life for the violent act is not worth the price, and they will refrain from committing these kinds of crimes. Few people, even criminals, have a death wish, and it is believed that this lack of desire for their own death will keep them from causing the deaths of others (Delfino & Day, 2008). Despite opposition from those that believe the death penalty should be stopped, some statistics do show that the number of murders does rise when the death penalty is not in force, and this number falls when the death penalty is reinstated (Johansen, 1998). There are other arguments, but the most effective argument against the death penalty as a deterrent for violent crime appears to be the fact that crime has not gone down simply because the death penalty is out there (Death, 2000). States that have it do not have lower crime rates on average than states that do not have it, and that would indicate that the death penalty in and of itself is not stopping people from committing violent acts (Ikramullah, 2003). Instead, they end up spending their life in prison, where they get hot meals every day, are allowed to exercise, and have a bed to sleep in every night. They watch TV and read books, and this is more than many of the hungry and homeless in today's society get. Criminals are treated better than many of these people. The criminals have lost their freedom, but they get a lot of things in return for that, and society is required to pay for them through taxes and other avenues that fund the prisons. It is possible, however, that the death penalty would be a deterrent if it were used more swiftly and more often. Many people who are sentenced to death spend years in prison appealing their conviction and appealing their sentence, and this is a large waste of taxpayer money, as well as a huge burden on the court system. Those that are guilty beyond a shadow of a doubt often wait a long time for their sentence to be carried out. Even when DNA evidence shows that they were the guilty party, the execution is still not swiftly carried out, and this allows many criminals to find some way to avoid it. those contemplating criminal activities do not rationally weigh the benefits and costs of their actions, Since society will never be free of crime, dealing with that crime and controlling it has become the focus of law enforcement. If the death penalty can be improved and made to work, it should remain. If it cannot be changed so that it actually deters violent crimes, than perhaps it should be done away with in favor of a system that will actually lower the crime rate and work to prevent violent crimes in the future. Capital punishment, which some also call the death penalty, has been around in society for hundreds of years. Ever since it began, there have been discussions as to whether it is morally right, and as to whether it actually deters criminals. Some believe that the prospect of being put to death often stops criminals from committing violent acts. Others believe exactly the opposite, stating that those that commit violent crimes are driven to do so for various reasons, and whether they have the chance of being put to death or not will not stop them from doing what they feel they must do. Another point of this argument is that the death penalty brings closure for the victims of the families that have lost loved ones. There is apparently a satisfaction, at least for some, upon seeing these people give up their life at the hands of the government. The chapter of their lives that dealt with that person has come to an end, and they can finally feel that they can move on with their lives (Radelet & Akers, 1996). This is somewhat related to violent crime free essays on indian culture, in that there is always the possibility that survivors who have lost loved ones would consider taking their vengeance out on others because of their pain and sorrow, and this could lead to even more violent crimes. Violent criminals that are paroled also run the risk of being killed by those that know what they did and believe that they should have died. This creates more violent acts in society and more problems with how to punish these individuals. Having the death penalty for violent crimes often prevents this. There are many different arguments against the death penalty, and some of these come from law enforcement. Recent polls of police chiefs in various areas of the country indicate that a large majority of them believe that the death penalty is no deterrent to violent crime. It ranks last on their lists of how they should go about reducing violent crime, and studies have shown that it is no better at reducing crime than the possibility of life in prison without any chance of parole (Cook, 1999). This is interesting, in the face of the argument that the death penalty reduces the amount of violent crimes that are committed. Studies have also shown that, contrary to the popular opinion that the death penalty brings closure, most people do not feel that watching someone else die helps them to move on in any way (Cassell & Bedau, 2005). Sometimes it seems to profane the name of the lost loved one by associating yet another death with it. The death of the loved one is painful enough without adding to it (Cook, 1999). The Death Penalty in the US: A Review The actual innocents were all freed. (5) "MOST CATHOLICS OPPOSE CAPITAL PUNISHMENT?", KARL KEATING'S E-LETTER, Catholic Answers, March 2, 2004 (9) "The Death Penalty", by Solange Strong Hertz at Christianity and the death penalty Another one is that Death Penalty shows justice. There will be justice when we punish the guilty. It show equality. On t.v. I have seen people being interviewed because one or some of their relatives died. They are crying for help and wanting justice for the death of their loved ones. I know for sure that justice can only be the solution for them to be relieved. A serious crime must have serious penalty and that is death. Justice can dignify a person. Deterrence Issues Class issues The warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global mean sea level. The Earth’s average surface temperature has risen by 0.76° C since 1850. Most of the warming that has occurred over the last 50 years is very likely to have been caused by human activities. In its Fourth Assessment Report projects that, without further action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the global average surface temperature is likely to rise by a further 1.8-4.0°C this century, and by up to 6.4°C in the worst case scenario. Even the lower end of this range would take the temperature increase since pre-industrial times above 2°C – the threshold beyond which irreversible and possibly catastrophic changes become far more likely. As a conclusion, I think that when it can not do both, The UN should prioritize combating climate change over reducing poverty. Of course, poverty is a big issue, which needs a solution but have you ever asked yourself why the poor countries like Bangladesh, Gambia, Zambia are poor and why so many people die? It’s because the climate doesn’t allow them to grow food and they can’t afford to buy it from other countries. The climate is a very important thing and if we don’t stop the changes soon, more and more plants and trees are going to die, we won’t have enough food and then not only will the third world countries suffer from hunger but so will the whole world. I think it is better to first stop the changes in climate and then gradually reduce the hunger in the poor countries. Because if we stop the changes, we are going to be healthier and everything around us will be cleaner and it will be how it actually should be. I believe harmony between nature and human beings will return. This essay has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work written by our professional essay writers. Another main cause that leads to climate changes is human activities. From the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution saw the large-scale use of fossil fuels for industrial activities. Therefore, they created many jobs for the people. And many people moved from rural areas to cities. Many vegetation areas were cleared to become houses or factories for industries. Natural resources are being used extensively for construction, industries, transport, and consumption. All this has contributed to the rises of greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. Human is generating industries factories and houses, and running the vehicles that used many fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gases. These uses of fossil fuel will leads to climate changes. Global climate change is caused by the fertiliser that used for agricultures. The result of microbial action in the soil, these chemical will release nitrous oxide. Besides that, the emission of methane and carbon dioxide will also affect climate changes. In addition, the increasing of agriculture is also caused by the increasing of human population in the world. As we can see how the causes and effects of climate changes that occur in our world and this topic was concerned by the worldwide. So, what are the solutions and method that we can prevent climate changes or solve the problems that we are having now? Actually there are some solutions that our government, community and society can do. Firstly, the government can help the communities and businesses to reduce deforestation, plant new trees in the forest and empty land, earn sustainable livelihoods and adapt to changing climatic conditions. Next, teachers in lecturers in schools and colleges must give the knowledge of how to protect our earth from the very young age of the children and students. One of the reasons that caused the climate changes is the emission of carbon dioxide from the vehicles. Therefore, we can reduce the uses of vehicles and car-pooling in our daily lives. Besides that, at home, we can switch our light bulbs to energy efficient bulbs and turn off the light when we are not using it or after using it. Published: 23rd March, 2015 Last Edited: 20th December, 2016 Bangladesh, a country located in South Asia is the most affected country by climate change in the world (Aneki). This climate change has a huge impact on the country’s agriculture, infrastructure, and way of life. This is mainly because of the geographical location of the country what to write about for college essay, making it highly vulnerable to natural disasters. Bangladesh has a flat, low lying landscape, and lack of institutional setup. Climate change is becoming a very crucial issue to its citizens and government of Bangladesh. More than 80% of the land is prone to flooding (Denissen). About two thirds of Bangladesh’s population is engaged in agriculture; so climate change will affect these farmers in a bad way. Map 1 shows the amount of droughts there are in Bangladesh. As you can see, most of the very severe droughts happen at the North Western part. A little area in the southern part near the Bay of Bengal has no droughts. Most areas show a moderate amount of drought even though others are very severe. Droughts in the summer are expected to get even worse, increasing by 1.3oC by 2030, and a 2.6oC by the year 2070 (Aneki).
McKibben, B. (2007, March/April). Reversal of fortune. Mother Jones. Larmer, B. (n.d.). The big melt. National Geographic. Peoples Agreement. (2011, April). Peoples agreement. World people's conference on climate change and the rights of mother earth. Retrieved from http://pwccc.wordpress.com/support/ The world now faces one of the most complex and important issues it has ever had to deal with: climate change. Though this was once an issue that would draw much argument and strife about its creditability, most of the world’s nations can no longer deny that it is a real issue. The impact that humans have had on the world has literally changed the climate. Higher temperatures are reported yearly checking papers for plagiarism free, stronger storms are forming, and some of the planet’s critical nonrenewable resources are being depleted. For all of these changes that, in the end, affect everyone, the nations of the world have not all gone about this issue in the same way. Currently, the threat of global climate change does not threaten some to the same extent of others. The shortsightedness of those that are not yet drastically effected is one of the most serious issues that the world deals with now and fundamental changes must be made to advert a global crisis that everyone may face if no actions are taken. Brown, L. (2011). World on the edge: How to prevent environmental and economic collapse. Earth Policy Institue. PLoS Medicine. (2011). Clean water should be recognized as a human right. PLoS Medicine, 6(6), doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000102 Nations around the world have taken their own means to secure the longevity of their homeland, even if it at the expense of others. A perfect example of this is the glacial water supply issue that currently faces eastern and central Asia. As global temperatures rise more and more yearly, the size of the glaciers of the area continue to diminish. For many nations that depend on the glaciers as a source of fresh water, the decrease in their size is quite alarming. For these nations (like Indonesia ), the next available source of water is through rivers that run through their land, however the flow of said rivers can be altered by other nations. China controls the sources of many of the rivers of the region and they have been damming up those rivers to keep the majority of the water in their nation. One major concern for these actions is with the relations between China and India. “If Beijing follows through on tentative plans to divert the Brahmaputra, it could provoke its rival, India, in the very region where the two countries fought a war in 1926,” (Larmer). It seems strange that nations would come to open hostilities over an issue that could be solved by simple negotiations, however it is clear that many of the world’s nations are only concerned with their own safety and future. The greenhouse gases such as carbon-dioxide and other pollutants absorbs more heat from the sun then it radiates back. This causes an increase in the intensity of heat in atmosphere. If Global warming continues the world would be in danger. The major effects and impacts of Global Warming are: There is uncertainty regarding regional forecasts of future precipitation as warming of globe makes it difficult to predict. Also, pattern of agricultural changes, or effects on ecosystems in general are fairly unpredictable. The effects of climate change are undeniable. Research conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and other reputed meteorological institutions proves that average yearly temperature has been steadily growing over the last decades. The sea levels have also been rising, and the number of floods in different parts of the world has increased dramatically. Glaciers in the Northern Hemisphere have started to melt. This caused more icebergs to drift into the ocean. They currently pose a serious threat to both, cruise and cargo ships that course through the waters of the northern regions. There are reports of some icebergs being spotted far to the South from Greenland. There are lots of effect of climate change .One of the main effect of climate change is the meltdown of melt down of Himalayas,Artics essays on writing poetry,rising level of sea water which may drown the island countries as Maldives,Srilanka etc.Besides untimely rainfall, no rainfall and drought are also due to climate change. Rabin Picture Window theme. Powered by Blogger. |
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